Building knowledge 4u
KNOW-HOW. DIGITAL. UNDERSTANDABLE.
Thank you for your interest in Scala X! In our glossary, you will find precise explanations of important technical terms from the digital world. We make complex topics understandable and offer you a sound knowledge base for your projects.
Browse through our entries or search for specific terms—we help you to grasp digital know-how easily and clearly.
Scala X – Knowledge for your digital future.
AIA
The AIA defines the client’s requirements for the digital information to be delivered within a project. It specifies which data is required, when, how, and in what format—and thus forms the basis for structured BIM application.
AIM-Modell
The Asset Information Model is the digital model of an existing building that is used during operation. It contains all relevant information for facility management and maintenance and is often based on the final BIM model after completion of the construction phase.
As-built-modell
An as-built model is a digital representation of a building in its completed state. It contains all actual geometries and installed elements and is often created using laser scanning or 360-degree documentation. It serves as the basis for operation, maintenance, and subsequent conversions.
Augmented Reality
Augmented reality (AR) enhances the real world with digital content such as images, text, or interactive objects. These are displayed, for example, via a smartphone camera or AR glasses (e.g., Microsoft HoloLens).
BAP
The BAP, or BIM execution plan, is a document that governs collaboration within a BIM project. It includes specifications regarding responsibilities, modeling standards, data exchange formats, and schedules, and ensures that all parties involved work together effectively.
BCF
BCF (BIM Collaboration Format) is a standardized file format that facilitates the exchange of comments, change requests, or errors in BIM projects. It enables communication between different parties directly on the 3D model, regardless of the software product used.
BIM-Modell
A BIM model is a digital representation of a building that contains both geometric information and alphanumeric data. It includes information on components, materials, schedules, and costs, among other things. It serves as a central data source for planning, construction, operation, and maintenance.
CAFM-System
A CAFM (computer-aided facility management) system is a software solution that supports facility management in the administration of buildings, technical systems, and resources. Among other things, it enables space management, maintenance planning, inventory management, and reporting of ESG key figures.
CDE
A CDE (Common Data Environment) is a central, digital data environment in which all project-related information is collected, managed, and shared. It serves as a “single source of truth” to facilitate collaboration between all parties involved and avoid errors caused by multiple data storage.
closedBIM
ClosedBIM describes a closed, software-bound approach within the BIM method. All project participants work with a uniform software environment or platform from the same manufacturer. This enables seamless data processing within the system, but limits flexibility in exchanges with external tools or partners.
Cloud Computing
Cloud computing refers to the provision of IT resources such as computing power, storage space, and applications via the Internet. Instead of operating their own servers or data centers, companies can flexibly use and scale cloud services. Well-known providers include AWS, Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud.
Collision Check
Collision detection (also known as clash detection) is a process within the BIM method in which digital models are checked for overlaps or conflicts—for example, between pipes and supporting structures. It helps to identify planning errors at an early stage and avoid costly rectifications on the construction site.
Digital Twin
A digital twin is a virtual copy of a physical object, system, or process. It uses real-time data and simulations to enable analysis, predictions, and optimizations. This technology is used, for example, in Industry 4.0 and construction.
DIN-Norms
DIN standards are standardized sets of rules that define technical requirements and procedures. In the construction industry, they ensure safety, quality, and comparability—for example, in the planning, execution, or operation of buildings.
ESG
ESG stands for environmental, social, and governance. These three sustainability factors are becoming increasingly important in real estate and construction, for example in investment decisions, building valuation, and facility management.
Facility Management
Facility management encompasses the administration and maintenance of buildings, facilities, and infrastructure. It covers areas such as technical maintenance, energy management, cleaning, security, and space management. The aim is to make the operation of buildings efficient and cost-effective while maximizing comfort for users.
IFC
IFC (Industry Foundation Classes) is an open file format for exchanging BIM data. It enables software-independent exchange of 3D models and information between different BIM applications. IFC ensures that building data remains usable in the long term and improves interoperability between different software solutions.
Interdisciplinarity
Interdisciplinarity describes the close collaboration between different disciplines within a project. In construction in particular, the exchange between architects, engineers, facility managers, and other disciplines leads to holistic solutions that combine technical, functional, and economic requirements.
IPA
IPA (Integrated Project Management) is a collaborative project management model in which all key project participants—planners, contractors, and clients—work together at an early stage. The aim is to achieve better project results through shared responsibility, transparency, and open communication.
IVION Software
IVION software is a platform for visualizing and managing building data based on digital twins. It combines 3D models, 360-degree images, and location data to enable intuitive navigation, documentation, and analysis of buildings and facilities—ideal for use in facility management.
Key Performance Indicator
A key performance indicator (KPI) is a metric that measures the success or progress of a project or business goal. Examples include revenue growth, conversion rate, or customer satisfaction.
Laserscanning
Building digitization refers to the process of digitally capturing existing buildings, infrastructure, or facilities. Techniques such as laser scanning, photogrammetry, or drone imaging are used to create a digital representation (e.g., a point cloud or BIM model). This facilitates the documentation, planning, and subsequent use of existing buildings.
Life Cycle
The life cycle of a building encompasses all phases from planning, construction, use, and maintenance to demolition. The aim is to optimize all decisions with regard to sustainability, cost-effectiveness, and resource efficiency throughout the entire life cycle.
openBIM
openBIM stands for an open, software-independent approach to building information modeling. The use of open standards such as IFC (Industry Foundation Classes) or BCF (BIM Collaboration Format) enables the exchange of data between different programs and project participants. The aim is to achieve transparent, flexible collaboration across all phases of the construction project—regardless of the software used.
Point Cloud
A point cloud is a collection of three-dimensional points captured by laser scanning or photogrammetry. Each point has coordinates in space and may also contain color or intensity information. Point clouds are used in surveying, architecture, and engineering to create digital models of buildings or terrain.
Return on Investment
ROI (return on investment) measures the ratio between the profit and the costs of an investment. It indicates how profitable an investment was.
Revitalization
Revitalization describes the comprehensive modernization or conversion of existing buildings. The aim is to improve usability, raise energy standards, and extend the life of the property—without complete demolition and reconstruction.
SaaS
SaaS (Software as a Service) refers to a software delivery model in which applications are used via the Internet—without local installation. In construction and facility management, SaaS solutions enable flexible, location-independent collaboration and ensure that software is always up to date.
Serverless Architecture
A serverless architecture enables developers to create applications without having to worry about managing the underlying servers. The infrastructure is dynamically provisioned and scaled by a cloud provider, allowing developers to focus on the code. Well-known examples include AWS Lambda and Google Cloud Functions.
SLAM
SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) is an algorithm that enables the simultaneous creation of a map of an unknown environment and the determination of one’s own position within that map. It is often used in autonomous robots, drones, and mobile laser scanners. SLAM combines sensor data (e.g., from cameras or laser scanners) with algorithms for position determination and mapping.
Software
Software refers to programs and applications that run on computers or other devices. In the context of construction and building management, it includes planning tools, CAFM systems, BIM platforms, and visualization software—key tools for digital project management.
Specialized Models
Specialized models are specialized submodels within an overall BIM model. They are created by the respective disciplines—e.g., architecture, structural engineering, building services—and later merged into a coordination model. This enables structured, cross-disciplinary collaboration.
User Experience
User experience describes the overall experience a user has with a product or service. This includes aspects such as user-friendliness, design, efficiency, and emotional impact. The goal is intuitive and enjoyable use.
User Interface
The user interface (UI) is the interface of a product or application through which users interact. It includes graphical elements such as buttons, menus, and layouts. A good UI is visually appealing and easy to understand.
Virtual Reality
Virtual reality (VR) is a technology that transports users into a completely digital environment. Special VR headsets (e.g., Oculus Quest, HTC Vive, PlayStation VR) block out the real world and replace it with a computer-generated world. Users can move around and interact in this environment.
360-degree images
360-degree images enable an immersive, all-around view of rooms or buildings. They are often used in the digital documentation of construction sites, inventory taking, or real estate marketing, and can be easily linked to BIM models.
